The federal SAVE Act may be stalled in the Senate, but its core provisions are being quickly implemented through state legislatures. Fourteen states now have laws requiring voters to provide documentary proof of citizenship—most commonly a passport or birth certificate—to register to vote or remain registered, with additional states considering similar legislation.
The problem? Millions of eligible Americans don’t have the documents these laws demand, putting their ability to vote at risk.
For many families, obtaining a passport means paying exorbitant application fees, securing certified birth records, and navigating weekslong processing times. Those costs and logistical hurdles fall hardest on lower-income Americans, rural voters, seniors, young people, and anyone who has changed their name after marriage or divorce. Even though citizenship is already required to vote, these laws would make proving it significantly more expensive and burdensome.
CAP’s analysis warns that, while Congress has yet to pass the SAVE Act, states are increasingly pursuing legislation that would put up new and unnecessary barriers to prevent eligible voters from voting. The result? Your ability to vote could depend not on whether you’re a citizen, but on whether you can afford, or already own, a passport.